Part 8. Inanition (Fasting) and Fattening Cures

Contents

The archive kept this book’s contents page but not its chapters. Each section is listed with the first lines it opened with.

1. Note By The American Editor For Inanition (Fasting) And Fattening CuresThe phenomena of undernutrition occurring either independently or as a complication of a variety of diseases are often overlooked, or if discovered at all, are commonly misinterpreted. Hence chronic u...
2. Preface To The American Edition For Inanition (Fasting) And Fattening CuresThe four lectures comprised in this monograph and in the succeeding one (Part IX, Reduction Cures and Gout) were delivered in a post-graduate course for Vienna physicians (May, 1908). By request of a ...
3. Part 1. The Perversions of Metabolism in Fasting and UndernutritionI. Definition And Occurrence It is important that practitioners should understand the changes of the metabolism, that occur in complete and partial withdrawal of food; otherwise certain striking phen...
4. II. Loss Of Weight - Fasting and UndernutritionWhen a well-nourished adult individual begins to fast completely, he begins to lose from 800 to 1000 g in weight daily (that is about 1 to 1 1/2 of his body weight). The daily losses remain more or le...
5. III. Participation Of The Different Organs In The Loss Of Weight - Fasting and UndernutritionThe different organs participate, very unequally in the loss of weight. If fasting is carried on experimentally until death occurs (immaterial whether death is produced by acute complete fasting or ch...
6. IV. Combustion Processes - Fasting and UndernutritionThe development of energy is not materially altered in acute inanition; the absolute amount of energy developed, it is true, becomes reduced (external conditions being equal) with the reduction of the...
7. V. Distribution Of Losses Over Proteids, Fats And Carbohydrates - Fasting and UndernutritionIn complete fasting the accumulated carbohydrate (glycogen) disappears very rapidly. The organism of an adult is capable of storing about 500 g of glycogen in the muscles and the liver. This is reserv...
8. V. Distribution Of Losses Over Proteids, Fats And Carbohydrates. ContinuedDay N-Intake N-Output in Urine and Feces N-Balance 1 14.68 12.9 +1.78 2 13.1 +1.58 3 13.9 +0.78 4 13.4 +1.28 5 15.0 -0.32 6 15.8 -1.12 7 15.1 -0.42...
9. VI. The Excretion Of Acetone Bodies - Fasting and UndernutritionA knowledge of the laws governing the excretion of acetone bodies during fasting is theoretically interesting and practically important. Sometimes acetonuria is a serious danger signal, at other times...
10. VII. Other Properties Of The Urine During Fasting - Fasting and UndernutritionOnly two other properties of the urine in fasting may be discussed in this place; of these the former commands more theoretical, the latter more practical, interest. a. The Urinary Ammonia The Urina...
11. VIII. Numerical Data For Calculating The Degree Of Undernutrition - Fasting and UndernutritionThe method of calculating the Maintenance diet (Erhaltungskost), has been described above. Whenever the total food intake, expressed in calories, remains below the calculated caloric requirement, th...
12. Part II. Fattening CuresWe are frequently confronted with the problem of improving the general nutrition of a patient with all the means at our disposal. Indications for this endeavor may lie in a considerable loss of weight...
13. I. Definition Of The State Of NutritionAny attempt to gain information in regard to the state of nutrition of an individual must concern itself with two strictly to be distinguished inquiries, viz.: the condition of the protoplasm, i. e., ...
14. II. Conditions Preliminary To A Fattening CureThe determination of the Maintenance Diet (Erhaltungskost) is a necessary preliminary to any endeavor that may be made towards increasing a reduced state of nutrition. In a previous paragraph the me...
15. III. Increase Of Muscular And Adipose TissueI have already mentioned that the amount of muscle tissue and the amount of adipose tissue of the body must be estimated from two altogether different standards. The two are to a very great extent ind...
16. 1. Increase of Muscular TissueWhenever an individual is overnourished - immaterial whether the caloric surplus is furnished by proteids, fats or carbohydrates - it will be found upon investigation of the nitrogen balance that a ce...
17. 1. Increase of Muscular Tissue. Continued2. We know that the development of energy that the organism puts forward is a function of the albuminous protoplasm of its cells. If we were able by overnutrition to increase the quantity of the genui...
18. 2. Increase of Adipose TissueFrom all that has been said it is clear that to increase the adipose tissue is much simpler and much more certain than to increase the protoplasm. One can force an accumulation of fat by increasing th...
19. IV. Fattening FoodsFrom what has been said it is quite clear that all articles of food that incorporate caloric values that become available for the organism may also be considered articles that can be used for fattenin...
20. 1. Proteids - Fattening FoodsProteids do not possess great fat tening value and no other class of foods requires so large an expenditure of energy on the part of the digestive apparatus in proportion to the calories placed at the...
21. 2. Carbohydrates - Fattening FoodsCarbohydrates have always enjoyed great popularity as a means of fattening. Most of them can be prepared in a very palatable form and there is an almost unlimited variety. In the preparation of this c...
22. 3. Fat - Fattening FoodsUnless particular reasons argue against its employment, fat is among all articles of food the most valuable in fattening cures. It owes its position to the property it possesses to a pre-eminent degre...
23. 4. Alcohol - Fattening FoodsAlcohol differs fundamentally from the other articles of food, albumen, fats, carbohydrates, in so far as it never becomes, either directly or indirectly, an integral part of the organism. The fat of ...
24. V. Rest And ExerciseWhen, about 25 years ago, Weir Mitchell and Playfair introduced a systematic fattening cure as an important means of treatment in hysteria and neurasthenia, rest and isolation were at the same time in...
25. VI. Indications For Fattening CuresThe indications for a fattening cure are exceedingly numerous, and it is not my intention within the narrow frame of these lectures to exhaustively discuss them, for nearly everything that I might say...
26. 2. Basedow's Disease - Indications For Fattening CuresBasedow's Disease (Exophthalmic Goitre) leads to emaciation because under the influence of hyperthyroidism oxydation is markedly increased. At the height of this disease a sufferer from exophthalmic g...
27. 3. Nervous Dyspepsia - Indications For Fattening CuresNervous Dyspepsia. Patients who are reduced on account of nervous digestive disorders of different kinds naturally constitute a large proportion of the individuals who become candidates for a fattenin...